A virtual experiment technique on the elementary behaviour of granular materials with discrete element method     

Xia Li  Hai‐Sui Yu  Xiang‐Song Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(1):75-96

Multi‐scale investigations aided by the discrete element method (DEM) play a vital role for current state‐of‐the‐art research on the elementary behaviour of granular materials. Similar to laboratory tests, there are three important aspects to be considered carefully, which are the proper stress/strain definition and measurement, the application of target loading paths and the designed experiment setup, to be addressed in the present paper. Considering the volume sensitive characteristics of granular materials, in the proposed technique, the deformation of the tested specimen is controlled and measured by deformation gradient tensor involving both the undeformed configuration and the current configuration. Definitions of Biot strain and Cauchy stress are adopted. The expressions of them in terms of contact forces and particle displacements, respectively, are derived. The boundary of the tested specimen consists of rigid massless planar units. It is suggested that the representative element uses a convex polyhedral (polygonal) shape to minimize possible boundary arching effects. General loading paths are described by directly specifying the changes in the stress/strain invariants or directions. Loading can be applied in the strain‐controlled mode by specifying the translations and rotations of the boundary units, or in the stress‐controlled mode by using a servo‐control mechanism, or in the combination of the two methods to realize mixed boundary conditions. Taking the simulation results as the natural consequences originated from a complex system, virtual experiments provide particle‐scale information database to conduct multi‐scale investigations for better understanding in granular material behaviours and possible development of the constitutive theories provided the qualitative similarity between the simulation results from virtual experiments and observations on real material behaviour. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Flat boundaries and their effect on sand testing     

G. Marketos  Malcolm D. Bolton 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(8):821-837

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Pore scale study of permeability and tortuosity for flow through particulate media using Lattice Boltzmann method     

Ali Ghassemi  Ali Pak 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(8):886-901

In this paper, Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been used to study the effects of permeability and tortuosity on flow through saturated particulate media and identify the relationships between permeability and tortuosity with other parameters such as particles diameter, grain specific surface, and porosity. LBM is a simple kinematic model that can incorporate the essential physics of microscopic and mesoscopic processes involved in flow through granular soils. The obtained results indicate that the 2D LB model, due to its inherent theoretical advantages, is capable of demonstrating that the porosity and specific surface are the most influential parameters in determining the intrinsic permeability of granular media. The obtained results show that particles' size diameter has a two‐fold effect on the coefficient of permeability: one is through specific surface and the other is by tortuosity factor. Numerical study also reveals that tortuosity of granular soils decreases almost linearly with increasing the porosity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Cohesive‐frictional model for bond and splitting action of prestressing wire     

J. C. Gálvez  J. M. Benítez  M. J. Casati  B. S. Tork  D. A. Cendón 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(11):1257-1277

This paper presents a numerical procedure for bond between indented wires and concrete, and the coupled splitting process of the surrounding concrete. The bond model is an interface, non‐associative, plasticity model. It is coupled with a cohesive fracture model for concrete to take into account the splitting of such concrete. Bond between steel and concrete is fundamental for the transmission of stresses between both materials in precast prestressed concrete. Indented wires are used to improve the bond in these structural elements. The radial component of the prestressing force, increased by Poisson's effect, may split the surrounding concrete, decreasing the wire confinement and diminishing the bonding. The combined action of the bond and the splitting is studied with the proposed model. The results of the numerical model are compared with the results of a series of tests, such as those which showed splitting induced by the bond between wire and concrete. Tests with different steel indentation depths were performed. The numerical procedure accurately reproduces the experimental records and improves knowledge of this complex process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

浅谈铟、镉在大厂矿田的分布及综合回收前景     

卜国基 《南方国土资源》2000,13(1):37-40

大厂矿田锡石硫化物矿床中产出的富铟铁闪锌矿为世界所罕见,文章探讨该类型矿床铟、镉的分布规律,分析计算该金属保有地质储量及年产量,简介当前回收情况及展望综合回收前景.  相似文献   

山东昌乐蓝宝石颜色与化学成分的关系     

张培强 《山东国土资源》2000,(2)

产于玄武岩中的蓝宝石颜色通常较深 ,山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色因其晶体巨大更显得深暗。这类蓝宝石曾多次进行过改色试验 ,但成效都不大。通过对电子探针及紫外—可见光—近红外吸收光谱图测试结果的分析 ,并对山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色与化学成分之间的关系进行研究 ,结果表明 :昌乐蓝宝石的主要致色元素为Fe,Ti,Cr,Ni等 ,Fe2 O3 FeO含量高及TiO2含量少 ,以及成对Fe3 的大量存在是其颜色偏深的重要原因 ;TiO2 含量对蓝宝石颜色纯度影响很大 ,也是蓝宝石改色能否成功的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

The linear matching method for the shakedown analysis of geotechnical problems     

M. Boulbibane  A. R. S. Ponter 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(2):157-179

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双经纬仪虚拟像坐标二维直接定位     

陈基伟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2006,26(2):87-90

提出了一种基于虚拟左、右像片像空间坐标系的二维直接定位法,可快速提取工业测量系统两台经纬仪之间的相对定位元素并完成相对定位。它不用进行迭代,既可以在右测站的定位元素未知时进行定位元素的解算,又具有简单清楚的几何意义。最后用算例对算法进行了验证。  相似文献   

Relations between load and settlement of circular foundations on or in a dense sand expressed by a function of diameter and depth     

Hiroaki Nagaoka  Masahiro Yamazaki  Naoto Kubota  Takashi Okamoto 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(6):551-576

When load acts on a circular foundation on or in a dense sand, average contact pressure on the lower surface of the foundation is q and settlement of the foundation is s. Diameter and depth of the foundation are B and D_f. When the sand, B and D_f are given, we can know the relation between q and s/B by, e.g. a loading test, i.e. the relation is determined by B and D_f for the sand. Using the results of numerical analyses, we express a relation between q and s/B up to s=0.1B by functions of a single variable which is a linear combination of B and D_f. Consequently when two foundations have different B's and different D_f's but have the same value of the variable, the relations are the same. Then we examine whether the functions can express the results of eleven tests of model foundations of wide range of B and/or D_f. In all the tests, the relations are expressed with sufficient accuracy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Displacement‐controlled method and its applications to material non‐linearity     

H. Zheng  D. F. Liu  C. F. Lee  L. G. Tham 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(3):209-226

For the analysis of non‐linear problems, the displacement‐controlled method (DCM) has a more extensive application scope and more powerful abilities than the load‐controlled method (LCM). However, difficulties of the DCM's procedure not amenable to most finite element implementations of the conventional LCM have restricted its applications in geomechanics. By means of Sherman–Morrison's theorem, the solution of DCM is improved. The improved procedure is characterized by high efficiency, good numerical stability and a programme structure similar to LCM. Two aspects of applications of DCM are illustrated. The first application is to compute the response of a structure under a given load level like the conventional finite element analysis. The second application is to trace the equilibrium path of a structure under a given load distribution type. A simple but effective algorithm is presented for automatically adjusting the step length in tracing the equilibrium path. Examples illustrate that the proposed procedures are suited for modelling complicated non‐linear problems in geomechanics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献